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The capital of the Spanish Empire in the Americas and the Viceroyalty of Peru couldn’t have a grander plaza than Plaza Mayor in Lima. With its trademark yellow buildings, balconies, cathedral, and presidential palace, there may not be a finer example of a Spanish plaza in the world. The plaza is fitting for Lima’s nickname, “The City of Kings”.
This UNESCO World Heritage site in Lima’s historic city center has been witness to important historic moments, such as José de San Martin proclaiming Peru’s independence in 1821. It has been used as a bullfighting ring and city gallows.
Fountain
At the center of the plaza is a fountain dating back to 1651. It was placed there by García Sarmiento de Sotomayor. An earlier fountain existed back to 1578.
Government Palace
The most important building sits at the north end of Plaza Mayor. The Government Palace (Palacio de Gobierno) was built in 1535 and rebuilt in 1937. It was the home of Francisco Pizarro and all governors of Peru after.
Archbishop’s Palace
Moving clockwise is the Archbishop’s Palace (Palacio Arzobispal). Built in 1924, it is the residence of the Archbishop of Lima, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lima, and the headquarters of the Cardinal of Lima. The building has beautifully constructed balconies along with several other impressive architectural elements.
Cathedral
Next to the Archbishop’s Palace is the Cathedral of Lima (Catedral de Lima). Built in 1535 by Francisco Pizarro, it also contains Pizarro’s tomb. It had to be rebuilt after a 1940 earthquake.
South and West Sides
The Portal of the Button-makers (Portal de Botoneros), Palace of the Union (Palacio de la Unión), and Municipal Palace (Palacio Municipal) all stand over Plaza Mayor to the south and west.
Post Office
Behind Municipal Palace is the Post and Telegraph Office (Casa de Correos y Telegrafos). It also houses the Postal and Philatelic Museum (Museo Postal y Filatélico) and a small area lined with restaurants.
Plaza Perú
Next to Municipal Palace and to the northwest of Plaza Mayor is another small plaza, Plaza Perú. There’s a fountain and a Peruvian flag next to a modern building.
